Below is some research on the aforementioned components/technologies:
PIR Motion Sensors:
https://learn.adafruit.com/pir-passive-infrared-proximity-motion-sensor/overview
PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human has moved in or out of the sensors range. They are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to use and don't wear out. For that reason they are commonly found in appliances and gadgets used in homes or businesses. They are often referred to as PIR, "Passive Infrared", "Pyroelectric", or "IR motion" sensors.
PIRs are basically made of a pyroelectric sensor (which you can see above as the round metal can with a rectangular crystal in the center), which can detect levels of infrared radiation. Everything emits some low level radiation, and the hotter something is, the more radiation is emitted. The sensor in a motion detector is actually split in two halves. The reason for that is that we are looking to detect motion (change) not average IR levels. The two halves are wired up so that they cancel each other out. If one half sees more or less IR radiation than the other, the output will swing high or low.
Along with the pyroelectic sensor is a bunch of supporting circuitry, resistors and capacitors. It seems that most small hobbyist sensors use the BISS0001 ("Micro Power PIR Motion Detector IC"), undoubtedly a very inexpensive chip. This chip takes the output of the sensor and does some minor processing on it to emit a digital output pulse from the analog sensor.
Our older PIRs looked like this:
Our older PIRs looked like this:
Our new PIRs have more adjustable settings and have a header installed in the 3-pin ground/out/power pads
For many basic projects or products that need to detect when a person has left or entered the area, or has approached, PIR sensors are great. They are low power and low cost, pretty rugged, have a wide lens range, and are easy to interface with. Note that PIRs won't tell you how many people are around or how close they are to the sensor, the lens is often fixed to a certain sweep and distance (although it can be hacked somewhere) and they are also sometimes set off by housepets. Experimentation is key!
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https://learn.adafruit.com/pir-passive-infrared-proximity-motion-sensor/how-pirs-work
How PIRs Work
LADY ADA
PIR sensors are more complicated than many of the other sensors explained in these tutorials (like photocells, FSRs and tilt switches) because there are multiple variables that affect the sensors input and output. To begin explaining how a basic sensor works, we'll use this rather nice diagram (if anyone knows where it originates plz let me know).
The PIR sensor itself has two slots in it, each slot is made of a special material that is sensitive to IR. The lens used here is not really doing much and so we see that the two slots can 'see' out past some distance (basically the sensitivity of the sensor). When the sensor is idle, both slots detect the same amount of IR, the ambient amount radiated from the room or walls or outdoors. When a warm body like a human or animal passes by, it first intercepts one half of the PIR sensor, which causes a positive differential change between the two halves. When the warm body leaves the sensing area, the reverse happens, whereby the sensor generates a negative differential change. These change pulses are what is detected.
The PIR Sensor
The IR sensor itself is housed in a hermetically sealed metal can to improve noise/temperature/humidity immunity. There is a window made of IR-transmissive material (typically coated silicon since that is very easy to come by) that protects the sensing element. Behind the window are the two balanced sensors.
You can see above the diagram showing the element window, the two pieces of sensing material
This image shows the internal schematic. There is actually a JFET inside (a type of transistor) which is very low-noise and buffers the extremely high impedence of the sensors into something a low-cost chip (like the BIS0001) can sense.
Lenses
PIR sensors are rather generic and for the most part vary only in price and sensitivity. Most of the real magic happens with the optics. This is a pretty good idea for manufacturing: the PIR sensor and circuitry is fixed and costs a few dollars. The lens costs only a few cents and can change the breadth, range, sensing pattern, very easily.
In the diagram up top, the lens is just a piece of plastic, but that means that the detection area is just two rectangles. Usually we'd like to have a detection area that is much larger. To do that, we use a simple lens such as those found in a camera: they condenses a large area (such as a landscape) into a small one (on film or a CCD sensor). For reasons that will be apparent soon, we would like to make the PIR lenses small and thin and moldable from cheap plastic, even though it may add distortion. For this reason the sensors are actually Fresnel lenses:
The Fresnel lens condenses light, providing a larger range of IR to the sensor.
OK, so now we have a much larger range. However, remember that we actually have two sensors, and more importantly we dont want two really big sensing-area rectangles, but rather a scattering of multiple small areas. So what we do is split up the lens into multiple section, each section of which is a fresnel lens.
Here you can see the multiple facet-sections
This macro shot shows the different Frenel lenses in each facet!
The different faceting and sub-lenses create a range of detection areas, interleaved with each other. Thats why the lens centers in the facets above are 'inconsistant' - every other one points to a different half of the PIR sensing element
Here is another image, more qualitative but not as quantitative. (Note that the sensor in the Adafruit shop is 110° not 90°)
Microphone:
https://www.kitronik.co.uk/3310-microphone-insert-pcb-mount-pack-of-5.html
>
Omni-directional PCB mount microphone insert.
Pack of 5.
Dia 10 mm, height 7mm.
Response 50Hz to 13KHz.
Pack of 5.
Dia 10 mm, height 7mm.
Response 50Hz to 13KHz.
Camera:
Item specifics
- is_customized:
- Yes
- Technology:
- Pinhole
- Type:
- Still Camera
- Brand Name:
- tmtcameras
- Sensor Brand:
- SONY
- Sensor:
- CCD
- High Definition:
- 720P(HD)
- Style:
- Mini Camera
- Model Number:
- LH014
- Special Features:
- DIY
- Place of Origin:
- Guangdong, China (Mainland)
Product Description
Product Description:
This is a New Mini CCTV Security PCB Board FPV Color Camera With OSD Menu ,1000TVL CMOS high resolution and 2.8mm Fish Eye Lens
Specification:
Signal System: PAL/ NTSC
Model: PAL: 1099P, NTSC: 1099N
Scanning:2:1 bank Scanning
Sync: Internal Sync
Horizontal Frequency: PAL: 15.734kHz , NTSC: 15.625kHz
Vertical Frequency: PAL: 59.94Hz, NTSC: 50.00Hz
Horizontal Resolution: 1000TVL
Video Output: 1.2Vp-p
Burst Level: 0.3Vp-p~0.33Vp-p
SNR: 48dB/60dB
Lens: 2.8mm
Angle: 100 Degree
Minimum illumination: 0.1 Lux of 1.2
Auto Gain Control: +18dB
White Balance: 3200-10000°K
Outside control for turning Black and color: Yes
Support IR-cut Filter: Yes
Electronic control: 1/50(1/60)~ 1/100000 sec
Power consumption: 80mA
Power: 12V 500mA
Size: 38x38mm (can be cut: 32x32mm)
Weight: 60g (Included: Lens, OSD Cable)
OSD Function:
Exposure: Lens Type, Shutter, AGC, Brightness
White Balance: Mode: R Gian, B Gain
Day / Night: Mode: Burst
Image Set: Contrast, Color Gain, Sharpness, NR, Mirror, Language:English/ Chinese
Func. Set: Motion: Alarm, Privacy, System / Setup
Reset
Save / Exit
Package:
1x 1000TVL PCB Board Camera
Shipping Terms:
All products will be shipped by Hong Kong Post air mail.
Country
|
Approx. Delivery time
|
United States , United Kingdom , Australia
|
15-20 working days
|
Canada
|
14-21 working days
|
Brazil , South America
|
may take up to 6-8 weeks due to strict Custom Inspection
|
France , Italy , Spain , Germany , Eastern Europe
|
may take up to 6-8 weeks due to strict Custom Inspection
|
If you want to get your order quicker (express with 4-8 business days delivery time), please
Contact us for the shipping fee of Express Delivery (DHL/EMS/UPS/FedEx).Your phone number needs to be provided for expedited shipment.
Warranty:
100% Brand New Products!
Each item will be carefully tested before shipping
FREE One Year Warranty
Packaging Details
- Unit Type:
- piece
- Package Weight:
- 0.200kg (0.44lb.)
- Package Size:
- 25cm x 25cm x 25cm (9.84in x 9.84in x 9.84in)
Fingerprint Recognition Unit:
1102 SparkFun Electronics SEN-13007 https://www.coolcomponents.co.uk/fingerprint-scanner-5v-ttl.html SparkFun Electronics NewCondition
Electrical Circuits:
Power Sources:
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